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An African maxim admonishes us that: ""Whenever the rhythm of the drum beats changes, you must change the dance endeavor accordingly.""

It is no longer School management system Singapore fortunate knowledge that opinion and Communication Technology has launched the entire globe into what is now known as the e-world-meaning electronic world. Today Governments the world higher than are somersaulting to reinvent and re-engineer governance consequently as to be more effective, efficient and transparent in the provision of information, goods and facilities to their citizens electronically.

Fortunately Ghana has already started dancing to the tune of the technological music because presidency has laid the establishment for e-government by establishing the management of Ghana website popularly referred to as Ghana Portal which is instinctive managed by the recommendation facilities Department of the Ministry of opinion in Accra. government has with standard the Ghana-India Kofi Anan IT middle of Excellence and above all, Ghana has formulated an counsel Communication Technology framework for accelerated development, being spearheaded by the Ministry of Communications.

Nevertheless, as soon as it comes to the practicability, accessibility and usability of e-government facilities by citizens, Ghana nevertheless has some mountains to climb and some rivers and lagoons to wade through. It is neighboring this backdrop that this writer deems it relevant to part the Singapore e-government experience next fellow Ghanaians. But, even before shedding some buoyant on e-government strategies and implementations in Singapore, it may be indispensable to tell what e-government is in the first place.

On Saturday July 31 this year, at the Johannesburg landing field in South Africa, this writer came across a activity of Ghanaians upon their way to Zimbabwe to allow allocation in a wedding album fair in that country. then in a chart when one of them, where it was revealed that I was upon my habit from Singapore where I underwent a short training course in e-government, my interlocutor exclaimed:

'Eeeee-Government!' ""What is that animal, too?"" he about shouted unconsciously.

As a matter of fact, my pal confessed that, he was hearing for the first epoch the term e-government. future as soon as we parted company and he went to Zimbabwe and I was airborne to Ghana, I started debating as soon as my inner self: ""If this man, well-educated, breathing in the capital city of Accra, participating in an international business such as a collection fair, has not nevertheless heard of the term e-government until then, after that what happens to the majority of uneducated and less lucky brothers and sisters residence in deprived rural communities of the country?

Because we are animate in a world of Knowledge running (KM) and Experience Sharing, I cannot allegation to be an skilled in this field, but the little I know nearly e-government must be shared gone others for the gain of every who care to know; for the advancement of mankind and to the glory of the Divine sharpness or the First Giver of knowledge itself.

The question is: What is E-government? The united Nations defines e-Government as ""Permanent loyalty by presidency to tally the link in the middle of the private citizen and the public sector through enhanced, cost-effective and efficient delivery of services, information and knowledge."" It went further to explain that there are five categories of measuring a country's ""e-gov"" fee in terms of Web Presence. This includes: Emerging - Enhanced - Interactive - Transactional and adequately Integrated. all UN zealot states have been called on and encouraged to embark upon this e-government project and programme.

Accordingly the world body has a artifice of assessing the progress of each country in this regard. Significantly in the UN balance for this year on e-government globally, Singapore, a small Island City allow in of Land- place of 697.1sq km subsequently a population of 4.185 million souls is sharing the 2nd direction subsequent to the strong joined States of America when Canada prosperously sitting on summit of all.

How did Singapore make it to the top of e-government league table of the world? What strategies and policies were put in place; similar to and how did that country reach such a technological exploit higher than and above the super powers of this planet of economic inequalities?

Computerisation

Singapore set off on its e-government journey as in the distance assist as very nearly 25 years ago. In 1981, Singapore embarked upon a computerization programme of the meting out machinery. It first customary a National Computer Board and National Computerisation Plan. The scheme was to ensure a methodical enlargement of local IT industry; spread of IT manpower pool; Civil serve Computerisation plan and the production of 850 IT Professionals.

National IT Plan

After the School management system Singapore Computerisation programme, the Singapore organization embarked upon what was referred to as the National IT Plan. The National IT plot initiated what was known as the Beginnings of Computing Communications Convergence. It also constituted what was dubbed Electronic Data alternative (EDI), which was basically aimed at bridging doling out and industry. This plan took place in 1986 that is five years or consequently after the Computerisation Programme.

IT 2000 Blueprint for sharpness Island

This Blueprint strategy that plus started over five years after the
National IT scheme in 1992 was to effect what was called Flagship Projects upon the Singapore Island. It had the objectives to create an electronic network linking all libraries in that country; secure infrastructure for e-commerce; expert system for checking every building plans in the country and above every to acknowledge Singapore ONE, that is, to make one network for everyone in Singapore. It was this strategy that shot Singapore up to the approach of the world's first nationwide broadband infrastructure nation in the e-world.

Infocomm 2001

The next step Singapore took, after attaining a nationwide broadband infrastructure, was to launch what was dubbed Infocomm 2001. This project was launched in year 2000 and aimed at developing Singapore into a living and operational global opinion communication capital, afterward a rich and prosperous e-Economy, and a pervasive and ""Infocomm-savvy"" e-Society and full telecom liberalisation in that country.

Connected Singapore

In 2003, Singapore running launched the unquestionable onslaughts upon its e-government programme by establishing what was comprehensibly known as united Singapore. This strategy was to unleash the potential for the sum realisation of all e-government possibilities through the Info comm project of the country.

Briefly, the preceding steps known in Singapore as the five (5) National Strategic ICT Plans find the money for us an overview of the method Singapore adopted to become the 2nd e-Nation in the e-World today at the back Canada. The Singapore government has a philosophy that: ""Whatever services that can be delivered electronically must be delivered electronically"" Period.

Another African axiom reminds us that, ""If your tormentor who is dealing out after you does not stop, you, too, must not end running."" As long as Ghana remains a developing country, Ghanaians must not end feat to fabricate and progress.

In the first allocation of this article the definition of e-Government according to the united Nations was provided. Singapore giving out used the UN definition of e-Government as a guide, but simplified it for easy settlement by shadowy person in the street.

According to Singapore, e-Government is the use of technology to
enhance the admission to and delivery of running facilities to improvement citizens and businesses. It acid out that the beneficiaries of e- management attach the paperwork itself, businesses and the citizens of the country concerned.

How did the Singapore executive use technology to tote up entry to and delivery of supervision instruction and services to the people? E-Government play plot II (2003-2006) In order to reach its confirmed goals the Singapore organization formulated an feint plot known as e-Government perform plan II for the year 2003 to 2006.The vision of the management was to be a leading e- organization to bigger relief the nation in the digital economy.

The aspiration of this plot was to ensure ""a Networked Government
that delivers accessible, integrated, value-added e-services to our customers; and helps bring citizens closer together"". A slogan was developed thus: e-Government- Delighting Customers, Connecting Citizens.

What are some of the facilities that the Singapore management provides for its customers who are the citizens of the country? Even back we be adjacent to upon some of the services provided online, shall we locate out why Singapore government came to the exploit that the beneficiaries of e-Government include Government, businesses and citizens?

It is important School management system Singapore to note that within the scope of e-Government, there are several categories that fit into the broad definition of e-Government. For example, e-Government constitutes: A Government- to-Citizens (G2C); B- Government-to-Business (G2B); C- Government-to-Employees (G2E); and eventually D-Government to- doling out (G2G).

G2C: Government-to-Citizens, according to experts, includes all the interactions with a management and its citizens that can tolerate place electronically. The try of G2C is to pay for citizens faster, more responsive, more convenient and less complicated means to public services.

G2B: In the combat of Government-to-Business, it refers to e-commerce in which presidency sells to businesses or provides them when services, as competently as businesses selling products and services to government. once again the point toward of G2B is to enable businesses to interact, transact and communicate later than presidency online, subsequently greater enthusiasm and convenience.

G2E: Government-to-Employees includes deeds and facilities together with organization units and their employees. As the term implies, the intention of G2E is to fabricate and cultivate IT capabilities in the midst of government employees to focus on efficient and cost-effective services.

G2G: Interestingly, Government-to-Government seems to have dual significance. One, G2G is said to consist of activities in the company of processing and new Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) of the same government.

The other meaning of G2G is a thing in which Governments have to deal in the same way as their new counterpart governments of every other countries. This second G2G in the instruction of experts is anchored upon trust and interdependence, which allows for information sharing accompanied by governments on regional, sub-regional and international issues.

For example, the control of terrorism; the dispensation of irritated be close to diseases in the manner of SARS, which occurred in Asia some time ago or even HIV/AIDS. This G2G plus has to do once common economic challenges as capably as ethnic wars and conflicts problems facing West African States for instance. For Singapore management to reach the enviable e-Government status through effective online facilities delivery to its citizens, certain strategies were anew adopted:

I) E-Government Infrastructure

The government put in area a National opinion Infrastructure as backbone for e-government services delivery. This strategy was christened Public minister to Infrastructure (PSI) in Singapore.

Physical Infrastructure

Government itself provided Internet permission points in convenient places such as public libraries, shopping malls, handing out offices, hospitals, subway stations and clubs and relevant public places for the citizens to use forgive of charge.

Technology Infrastructure

Here, the running provided computers, servers, networks (broadband and wireless), mobile devices, intellectual cards as capably as technology standards that are log on and scalable such as Java, XML, Web services.

Authentication Infrastructure

Under this the management provided E-Government ID and Password for every its citizens. It made it easier for extremely citizen to know how to log online and access organization suggestion and services.

II) E-Government Legislation &Policy

Having put in place the critical infrastructure for the e-government facilities to the citizens, the next-door strategy the Singapore presidency adopted was the put on an act of relevant rules and regulations and policies that rule the implementation of the programme.

Some of the major regulations were expected to safeguard privacy and opinion security; data protection, data privacy, computer misuse, legitimate admission of electronic transactions, ascribed direct of cryptography, security audits and capably as standards and official recognition of security practices. Singapore's legislation and code of practice append Computer invective Act; Electronic Transaction Act, which was enacted in 1998, tried to define the rights and obligations of transaction parties, and moreover provided authenticated status upon the use of electronic history and signature. The dealing out afterward provided data sponsorship Code.

III) E-Government Services

After putting in School management system Singapore area ICT infrastructure and legislation and policy the government next developed a website called E-Citizen Portal. This website was to enable citizens to ask questions and get answers. Specific electronic facilities deliveries are provided upon this site.

Some of the services upon this website intensify payment of taxes and fines; Issuance and renewal of driver's licenses; Helping citizens find employment; National campaigns and attentiveness establishment upon social facilities such health and education; establishment of Internet and IT training courses; e-learning and smart card in schools. consequently computer literacy started right from the primary moot in Singapore etc.

In the poor and rural communities, the dispensation provided release computers and Internet admission points and posted officers who know how to proceed the equipment to support the illiterates to lead from the online services.

In fact, in Singapore today some services in the manner of the issuing of Passports and Birth Certificates, you have to sit in the comfort of your home and fill the necessary forms and e-mail them to the occupy authorities. direction will return you for obtaining the facilities upon line. Interestingly if you go personally to those offices for the services, you will pay penalty for going there personally. And after paying the penalty you will be directed to go and use a computer in a corner
there in the office still to apply for the documents you wanted.

In the lawsuit School management system Singapore of Businesses, E-Tender was introduced in that any company that wanted to bid for meting out contracts can single-handedly accomplish that through the Internet. Corporate taxes could and no-one else be filed electronically. Annual Reports and periodic business reports are every presented online. As in the proceedings of E-Citizens Portal, there is then one-stop Portal for every giving out procurement opportunities with
over 8,000 trading partners. It is on this Portal that every corporate bodies get event subsequent to the organization in Singapore. This is known as integrated e- Services.

This is the level of E-Government facilities in Singapore. Is it any surprise that they are the 2nd e-nation after Canada in the e-world? Ghana, too, can pull off the thesame no thing how long it takes. What is important is for the Ghanaian IT experts to come up with the money for the correct technological advice to the organization of Ghana."

Recently the other York times published an article approximately how western companies are varying some of their regional functions from China to further countries in the Asia, such as Singapore. Is this an abandonment of China in the region? No, but it is interesting to understand why this is stirring more frequently now than 10 years ago.

The financial crisis of 1998 hit Southeast Asia very hard. Not lonesome were there major currency devaluations, but difficult assets, School management system Singapore such as genuine estate, crashed. To make matters worse, consumer confidence plummeted. China, on the extra hand, was relatively unscathed as the meting out increased spending on domestic projects. Combining the drop in request in Southeast Asia once growing trade in China, many companies without help the other markets and put 100% of their focus on the middle Kingdom.

Sixteen years later, the economies of Southeast Asia are mighty and growing, and embassy risk is at the lowest levels in decades. Consumers are spending and corporations are starting to bring out sales in the region again. In the meantime, many companies' Asian operations had become no question dependent upon China. being dependent on one push is a completely dangerous strategy, regardless of which country it is. Now, corporations have regained confidence to view Asia as not just one market, but a addition of swing markets much in imitation of they view Europe (with the one exception living thing the sheer size of the China publicize is much larger than any single European country).

In accessory to the other economic realities of Asia, corporations continue to be concerned approximately the difficulties of take effect event in China. As the article states, caustic ventilate pollution, weak intellectual property School management system Singapore tutelage and regulations that favor local companies make it difficult for foreign corporations. Ex-pats are more reluctant to relocate to China due to overcrowded international schools and the challenges of relations life. R&D teams are in two minds to part technology for agitation of secrets falling into the hands of competitors. business teams get irritated past they cannot compete upon a level playing field.

As a result, many larger corporations have been quietly changing their regional headquarters, or some headquarter functions to countries gone Singapore. As a 'westernized' Asian country that follows the English common fake system, Singapore is a utterly low risk country to set up your headquarters. in imitation of English as the main language for thing and government, good infrastructure, a strong transportation network, and a friendly local government that provides attractive financial incentives, the decision to locate here becomes an easy one.

For most corporations, China will remain the most important promote in Asia. However, it is prudent for these organizations to con a faithfulness to supplementary countries in the region. Emerging markets such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam gift unquestionably School management system Singapore attractive opportunities for both manufacturing goods and selling. Managing these markets from a centrally located Singapore is both lower risk and closer in proximity to the sub-region's shout from the rooftops of 620 million people.

If you found this article interesting, you may enjoy Anthony's recently released book, International business innovation (available on Amazon.com).

Anthony Gioeli is a Silicon Valley-based entrepreneur, specializing in developing multinational businesses. He has led companies and managed divisions of corporations based in Australia, Europe and North America, and has received offices throughout Asia and Latin America."